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KMID : 0923620180180010005
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Immune Network
2018 Volume.18 No. 1 p.5 ~ p.5
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Tissue-specific Role of CX3CR1 Expressing Immune Cells and Their Relationships with Human Disease
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Lee Myoung-Soo
Lee Yong-Sung
Song Ji-Hye
Lee Jun-Hyung
Chang Sun-Young
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Abstract
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Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1, also known as fractalkine) and its receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) are widely expressed in immune cells and non-immune cells throughout organisms. However, their expression is mostly cell type-specific in each tissue. CX3CR1 expression can be found in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Interaction between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 can mediate chemotaxis of immune cells according to concentration gradient of ligands. CX3CR1 expressing immune cells have a main role in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response depending on environmental condition. In a given tissue such as bone marrow, brain, lung, liver, gut, and cancer, CX3CR1 expressing cells can maintain tissue homeostasis. Under pathologic conditions, however, CX3CR1 expressing cells can play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss recent progresses of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in major tissues and their relationships with human diseases.
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KEYWORD
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CX3CR1, CX3CL1, Tissue specificity, Monocytes, Macrophages
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